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General Characteristics
Each year, more than a million Americans suffer a heart attack. Although heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, great strides have been made in the last decade, both in treating heart attacks and in helping people who have suffered one resume a full, active life.
The most common type of heart attack is caused by a coronary thrombosis, which occurs when a clot (thrombus) blocks one or more of the blood vessels that nourish the heart muscle. As a result of the lack of blood, part of the muscle may be damaged, and its ability to contract may be lost. This is known as a myocardial infarction. If the infarct is small and the electrical impulses that control the heart’s contractions (beats) are not disturbed, chances for recovery are excellent.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary thrombosis is one of the manifestations of coronary artery disease. As we grow older, our blood vessels tend to lose their elasticity, a process known as arteriosclerosis. The arteries may also become narrowed or clogged with deposits of fatty material called atheromas, a condition called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is progressive and usually does not produce symptoms until there is significant blockage in the blood flow. Sometimes, in fact, the first symptom of this heart disease is a heart attack.
Although the specific cause of atherosclerosis is not known, it has been found that certain risk factors help in identifying population groups that are more likely to develop it. Three major risk factors are high levels of cholesterol and other blood fats, high blood pressure (hypertension) and cigarette smoking. Others include diabetes, obesity, a sedentary life style, aging, being male and heredity.
Atherosclerosis begins forming as a fatty streak on the inner wall of an artery, usually at its branching-out point, and disturbs the smooth flow of blood. As patches of fatty tissue build up, the inner wall becomes narrower, which inhibits blood flow in a more significant way. An artery continues to narrow as the tissue buildup progresses, and in time, the fatty deposit becomes a hard mass of fatty tissue with a tough outer lining of cells – a plaque. As plaques spread and thicken, they erode the wall of the artery, which interferes with blood flow and makes it increasingly turbulent. This turbulence may trigger the blood to form a clot (thrombus), partially or completely blocking the artery. Further, a fragment of the clot (embolus) may be carried by the bloodstream and block an artery at some distant, narrower point.
Heart attacks sometimes occur in people with little or no coronary artery disease. Some experts believe that a spasm or sudden constriction of the coronary artery may be the cause of these heart attacks. It appears that a spasm may occur in a coronary artery that is totally free of atherosclerosis (as well as in one that is heavily affected by that condition), and this would explain why many people suffer angina and other cardiac problems without any evidence of underlying blockage in the arteries.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
A heart attack can come on gradually, preceded by several attacks of angina over days, weeks, months or even years. (Angina is the name given to the chest pain that arises when the muscular wall of the heart is temporarily deprived of sufficient oxygen.) But a heart attack may also occur without any apparent warning, and in people who have never previously experienced any chest pain.
Typically, the pain of a heart attack is a sensation of constriction in the central chest area; it may vary in intensity from a feeling of tightness to one of agonizing crushing or bursting. The pain may be continuous, or it may last a few minutes, fade and then recur. It commonly spreads to the back, jaw and left arm. Although a heart attack may be precipitated by physical or emotional stress, the pain, unlike that of angina, does not subside when the stress ceases.
Pain is commonly accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, dizziness and pallor. (Some people experience a heart attack without any of these symptoms. This is known as a “silent” infarct, which may be confirmed by changes in an electrocardiogram or certain other hospital tests.)
A Medical Emergency
Most deaths from heart attack occur within minutes to hours after the onset of symptoms. Therefore, when sudden and severe chest pain occurs, an ambulance should be called immediately and the individual taken to a hospital. Denying that these symptoms represent a life-threatening illness may cause a delay that could be fatal.
One of the major cause of death from coronary thrombosis is the development of abnormal heart rhythms in the hours immediately following the attack. Emergency treatment, therefore, concentrates on stabilizing the heart rhythm, as well as on relieving pain and preventing shock.
In the hospital’s intensive-care or cardiac-care unit, the rate and rhythm of the heart will be continuously monitored by an electrocardiograph machine. Blood tests to detect enzymes released from the heart aid in assessing the infarct further and various medications may be given. Mood changes and feelings of apprehension are very common following a heart attack, and a mild tranquilizer is often given to the patient.
Depending on the severity of the attack, the patient may be allowed out of bed within three or four days and be discharged after two weeks. Bed rest for more than a short time should be avoided, where possible, because it results in a rapid loss of the body’s muscle tone and in increased heart rate on exertion. Physical activity is gradually increased and most patients are able to return to their full range of normal activity within a few months.
Long-Term Treatment
Depending on such factors as the patient’s age and general physical condition, and the extent of the heart damage, a variety of different approaches may be taken to deal with the underlying coronary artery disease and to reduce the possibility of another heart attack.
Changes in life style. A number of steps can be taken to prevent or slow down the progression of heart disease. These include stopping smoking, exercising regularly and adopting a low-cholesterol diet.
Drug treatment. The use of drugs depends upon the nature of the heart attack and underlying coronary disease. Antihypertensive drugs may be prescribed to lower the blood pressure. Other drugs may be given to improve heart function, prevent chest pain or lower the level of blood cholesterol.
Other treatments A number of other treatments, including coronary bypass surgery, are available. Obviously, their use depends upon individual needs.
Summing Up
Heart attacks are a common occurrence, particularly among middle-aged and older men. An understanding of the risk factors involved in coronary artery disease, and the adoption of appropriate preventive measures may reduce the likelihood of an attack. If the typical pain of a heart attack does strike, prompt treatment greatly improves the chances of survival. Modern treatments enable most heart attack patients to resume a full, active life, although some changes in life syle probably will be required.
About the Author
I am the owner and author of Hoodia Gordonii Side Effects. You can find the original article here: Heart Attacks. If you’d like to read more of my articles, please visit my site!
Is it an Angina Attack?
hi everyone,
im 20 years old and for the past few months i have been getting excruciating pains in my chest, only when im relaxing and it comes out of no where. when i get the sharp pains in my chest my left arm gets numb and the pain is in my neck as well. the pain cause me not to be able to take deep breaths because it hurts too much, im not able to move around when it happens.
I am going to be going to my doc today, but i just wanted to hear more opinions.
i am 5 foot 7 and i am average weight for my height, i try my best to eat healthy, but sometimes dont eat as healthy as i should. I excercise as much as i should, i feel like i am overall quite healthy so what else could angina attacks be caused by?
thank you all for ur help and answers
GOOD THING WHEN YOU COME BACK LET ME NO IF IT WAS A ANGINA ATTACK.
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Almost 14 million Americans have a history of heart attack or angina. It is now one of the leading causes of death in the United States. More than 1 million Americans have heart attacks each year. A heart attack, or myocardial infarction (MI), is permanent damage to the heart muscle. “Myo” means muscle, “cardial” refers to the heart and “infarction” means death of tissue due to lack of blood supply.
Nutrition and energy are delivered to the entire body by blood from the pumping heart. The heart itself requires constant energy in the form of oxygen and nutrients, which all come from the blood that delivered through the coronary arteries. A blockage in the coronary arteries prevents blood flow and causes the heart muscle to starve. The medical term for such starvation is ischemia, a condition that is accompanied by a chest discomfort called angina. If the blockage is severe, some of the heart muscle actually dies. When heart muscle dies, this is called a heart attack or myocardial infarction.
Fortunately, modern medicine already offers medical treatment acute heart attack. Preventive measures have been identified and are now being taught to prevent such an attack from occurring or recurring. Beta blockers are medications used to decrease heart rate and blood pressure. These can be given through an intravenous (IV) line or by mouth. Oxygen is used via nose plugs or a facemask if a person is having a heart attack. This is useful if breathing is difficult or the amount of oxygen in the blood is low.
Aspirin is used to decrease blood clotting. It works by preventing platelets from sticking together. Plavix (clopidogrel) is an additional platelet blocker given to those having a heart attack. Both aspirin and plavix are pills given by mouth. Clotting inhibitors called heparin, lovenox, and 2B3A are given via the IV and can help prevent the blockage from getting worse. A statin, or cholesterol pill, is often given to those having a heart attack. This too can stabilize a blockage and prevent it from getting worse. Chest pain can be decreased with nitroglycerine. This is given in a variety of ways, a dissolving pill under the tongue, a paste on the chest, or via the IV. Nitroglycerine helps dilate the coronary arteries allowing more blood to flow through. Morphine is another medication to control chest discomfort and ease anxiety. These medications mentioned work to stabilize a blockage, however, they are not very effective in removing one that has already formed. This job is done by “clot buster” medications or thrombolytics. T-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) and similar medicines can break apart a blockage and restore blood flow. Alternatively, this can be done with a balloon and stent procedure by a cardiologist.
However, there are practical ways that can lessen the chances of having a heart attack. Consuming at least five fruits and vegetables daily, exercising at least 2.5 hours per week, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking can decrease your chances of heart trouble by 35 percent, and the risk of dying by 40 percent, compared to people with less healthy lifestyles. Research have shown that people who eat a balanced diet and exercise more can substantially reduce their risk for cardiovascular disease and death even if they’re in their 50s or 60s. Most experts agree that a health-promoting lifestyle such as eating well, being active, and not smoking can cut overall risk of heart disease by 80 percent. Indeed, adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle makes a difference.
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Ischemic heart disease is defined as decreased blood flow to the heart due to narrowed coronary arteries. The obstruction results from cholesterol deposits sticking to the artery wall, interrupting the flow of blood to the heart. The deposits harden causing hardening of the arteries. This is called atherosclerosis, which is a medical term sometimes interchanged with arteriosclerosis. Both have the same affect, whereby both impede blood flow to the heart.
Arteriosclerosis, or plaque build up, is common factor in Ischemic heart disease. Plaque, a result of high cholesterol and triglycerides levels, builds up in the vessels that feed the heart causing blockage to occur. This interferes with blood flow to the heart and terminates in heart attack symptoms to occur. The patient may exhibit signs ranging from shortness of breath to irregular heartbeats, and chest pain. Sometimes, there are no symptoms due to damage to the nerves that surround the heart due to heart disease.
As time passes, plaque deposits narrow the arteries causing efficient blood flow, which can also lead to the development of a type of Ischemic heart disease called angina. Angina Pectoris, or strangling, is chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart due to poor blood supply. This puts the patient at extremely high risk for heart attack and cardiac arrhythmia.
People who are at risk for ischemic heart disease most likely have a family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes. The risks, in most instances, can be alleviated or eliminated altogether by drastic changes in lifestyle such as losing weight and stopping smoking. While these changes may reduce risks, they do not necessarily cure ischemic heart disease that is already present. If the person has had a previous heart attack, they have an increased for having another heart attack within 5 years. Regular visits with your physician to monitor for any changes in the patient’s condition will alert the physician to any potential problems that may crop up and slow down the rate of disease progression.
The good news about ischemic heart disease is it can be prevented, or at least lessen it’s severity. The answer is simple but may not be easy to implement. Its not easy to change the way we have been been doing things for the past 20 to 30 years, but when you think of the alternative, change can be a good thing.
About the Author
Barb Hicks is a featured health writer on Clivir.com – The Free Learning Community Site. She provides more information on Women Heart Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease and Valvular Heart Disease on Clivir.
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how serious is vein occlusion in the arm?
My mum has severe copd, angina, osteoperosis, diabetes amongst other things and is in heart failure. She is currently in heart failure and in hospital with a chest infection. Her arms, hands and legs have been swollen and this has been treated but the left arm wasn´t responding. I have been told that they have found on an ultrasound that mum has an occlusion of the vein in her left arm and she has anti coags and anti biotics. How serious is this?
I have just been told that the doppler ultrasound shows no clot. I´m not sure why there is the occlusion, the vascular team are hoping that the anti coag and antibiotic therapy will resolve things ….
Very sorry to hear about your mom- However PLEASE do not expect us non-professionals in the medical field to give you any answers, if some have answered its because I am sure they have a small %age of knowledge MAYBE but YOU should not add to your stress more by reading everyones personal diagnosis as all the ailments you have posted are of a grave nature and ONLY a medical person with experience is able to really give you a general response -Unless the medical person sees your mom in person and conducts a thorough examination even they cannot give you any conclusive diagnosis
I am sure your mom is in good hands at the hospital and they will do their best- IN the meantime you be Brave and relaxed as this will enable to help you to take care and think positively on how you should make your mom comfortable- Prayers if you do, mental peace if you can muster will be far helpful to tide over the difficult period +it will help if your mom does not see you so stressed
All the best
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What is heart disease
Heart disease is when the vessels of the heart have a problem of supply of blood through the valves in the heart and blood from the rest of the body due to blockage of the arteries. Heart disease is a very serious condition that kills about 450,000 people in the United States each year. The severity of heart disease is determined by the different types of heart disease.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis, in which the arteries become clogged with plaque that lines the inner walls of arteries and makes more difficult and prevent young blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease is a major cause of common attacks the heart. The heart needs all the blood it can get. The blood has difficulty reaching the heart because of the slow, restricts blood flow. This can cause problems long term may not be reversible. You must take care of your body before it is too late. Where else will you live if they destroy your body. The two main goals healthy heart is a healthy diet (eating lifestyle) and exercise.
Some problems of a person with coronary disease, will face during their life.
* Angina: Angina is when a person has acute chest pain and will find discomfort in your body due to lack of oxygen reaching vital organs. Then the system Benefits heart is not getting enough blood needed to function properly. This extreme pressure built and the type of a person squeezing pain in angina pectoris and feels like a heart attack. More likely is a heart attack in the future and have the opportunity to die.
* Crisis heart is when the arteries are blocked and blood ill will limit heart for twenty minutes.
* Heart failure: Renal Heart is where the heart can not pump enough blood through the body causing other organs in the body does not receive enough blood. Heart Failure does not mean that the heart stops beating. The signs include: difficulty breathing, swelling of the feet, ankles, legs and extreme fatigue. happens when the heart is unable to pump blood through the vessels.
The heart can stop working, but at a reduced price.
* Cardiac arrhythmias: Arrhythmias are disorders of the regular beating rhythm of the heart. Arrhythmias are a common condition and can occur in a healthy heart and have a minimal impact. You can also indicate a serious problem and lead to heart disease, stroke or sudden cardiac death. The pace may be slower than fast, according the circumstances of the arrhythmia. Most dizziness, malaise or lose breath. You will notice that as they grow, they will have more problems with his heart.
All heart disease is a serious matter and should not be taken lightly. The main thing to remember is to receive periodic examinations by your doctor and keep an accurate account of your blood pressure. Ask for help with blood pressure regularly. If you have pain, you should call 911 immediately and get emergency medical treatment as your body needs. The rescue could be yours.
You should also know that there are many ways to prevent heart disease as well. Just watch what you eat, exercise and shows the contribution of cholesterol, you can reduce your risk of heart disease. However, just because you look What you eat and treat you the body is not yet guaranteed the right not to be affected by heart disease. Basically, you find that people more healthy parents may have a heart attack, however, significantly reduce the risk of a heart attack and heart disease.
Having a healthy heart.
About the Author
Dr Tom is a retired Computer Science Professor. He owned a web server and sold it in 2003. Now he is back as an affiliate marketer and is creating free information products from his experiences and giving them away free. He has expertise in a variety of medical subjects.
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What does this pain in my legs? "?
iv recently with a lot of pain and discomfort in his left calf. he leaves no which will then long afterwards. who feels ill or stretched its kind …. im not sure what it is. but now it happens and now iv spent half walk of the day, a session of several hours, then a bit of time standing. A little history … I was on the pill for a year .. then stopped for four months, then was it for another 3, then arrested again a month ago. im not on drugs, but I Blackmores conceive well gold well as milk thistle and B6. but not exceeding the maximum limit of vitamin does not think so. Im not pregnant. my health problems is known iv … Angina pectoris (when I was younger extremely rare these days) and hyperemesis. I do not know if your relationship or if I'm paranoid IV but had a lot of headaches lately (although it's hot) Any idea?
Keep an eye on this and if the pain or tingling persists, could be the start of the PST. A vascular surgeon can perform an analysis of Doppler ultra test and identify the problem. It is very painful and analgesics do not help. I had more than two years and the doctor was slow to make the diagnosis until I was in critical shape. Mine began with a sudden onset of pain in the calves and legs. The pain is worse when the leg hangs. There was no heat in the area because veins are inflamed. I'm coumidin (warfarin) as a blood thinner. Usually when they say six months, which means that the rest of his life. Blood Thinner solves not the real problem of clotting, but maintained the alleged formation of new clots. deep vein thrombosis or DVT, is caused by a blood clot in a muscle and can be fatal. Symptoms include swelling, pain and tenderness in the legs. Risk factors include immobility, hormone therapy and pregnancy. DVT can occur anywhere in the body but are most common in the deep veins of the legs, thighs and pelvis. They can often arise of the upper extremities usually because of trauma or a catheter (tube) or the device. A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein deep in the system. Thrombophlebitis is a condition in which there is inflammation and clot blood into a vein. Thrombophlebitis can occur in both superficial and deep veins. Superficial thrombophlebitis occurs in veins near the surface of the skin and cause general pain, swelling and redness in the region vein. Superficial thrombophlebitis is usually treated with heat, elevation the affected arm or leg, and anti-inflammatory drugs. DVT is a much bigger problem than a superficial vein. The reason is that a clot in a deep vein of a DVT can break off and travel through the deep veins to the heart, and possibly be pumped by the heart into the arteries of the lungs. When this occurs, the condition is called pulmonary embolism (PE). The blood clot is called embolism (PE plural), and the failure process and travel to the lungs is called embolism. drugs have not helped my pain. Now I take Tizanidine 4mg 5/day and Cv LYRICA 100 mg 3/day. This helps the nerve pain and I can walk some now. I feel much better pain wise.
Is this where heart problems Start? Part 2
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